Muchirimo chino, chirwere checovid 19 chakawedzera mumatunhu nemaguta mazhinji, chipatara chemodular chekugara, icho chakambosimudzirwa sechiitiko kupasirese, chiri kutungamira mukuvakwa kwakakura kwazvo mushure mekuvharwa kweWuhan Leishenshan neHuoshenshan modular pekugara. zvipatara.
National Health Commission (NHS) yakataura kuti zvinofanirwa kuona kuti kune 2 kusvika ku3 modular zvipatara zvekugara mudunhu rega rega.Kunyangwe kana modular chipatara chekugara chisati chavakwa, isu tinofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekuvaka kuti tive nechokwadi chekukurumidzira chinodiwa-zvipatara zvenguva-pfupi zvinogona kuvakwa nekupedzwa mukati memazuva maviri.
Jiao Yahui, director weNHC's Medical Administration Bureau akataura pamusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa neState Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism munaKurume 22 kuti parizvino kune 33 modular zvipatara zvekugara zvakavakwa kana zviri kuvakwa;20 modular chipatara chakavakwa uye gumi nenhatu dziri kuvakwa, ine huwandu hwe35,000 mibhedha.Izvi zvipatara zvenguva pfupi zvinonyanya kutariswa muJilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaoning ...
Changchun modular shelter hospital
Chipatara chenguva pfupi muenzaniso wakanaka wekuvaka kwechinguvana, nguva yekuvaka yechipatara chenguva-nguva kazhinji haipfuure vhiki imwe kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira.
Zvipatara zveMakeshift zvinoita sezambuko pakati pekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kumba uye kuenda kuzvipatara zvakasarudzwa, uye kudzivirira kutambisa zviwanikwa zvekurapa.
Muna 2020, zvipatara gumi nenhanhatu zvekugara zvakavakwa mukati memavhiki matatu muWuhan, uye vakarapa varwere vangangosvika zviuru gumi nezviviri mumwedzi, uye vakawana zero kufa kwevarwere uye zero zvirwere zvevashandi vekurapa.Kushandiswa kwezvipatara zvenguva pfupi kwakaunzwawo kuUnited States, Germany, Italy, Spain nedzimwe nyika.
Chipatara chechinguvana chakashandurwa kubva kuNew York Convention uye Exhibition Center (Kwakabva: Dezeen)
Chipatara chechinguvana chakashandurwa kubva kuBerlin Airport kuGermany (Mabviro:Dezeen)
Kubva pamatende enguva yevanotama-tama kusvika kudzimba dzeprefab dzinogona kuonekwa kwese kwese, kusvika kuzvipatara zvenguva pfupi zvinoita basa rakakosha mudambudziko reguta nhasi, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvakaita basa rinokosha munhoroondo yevanhu.
Basa rinomiririra renguva yekuchinja kwemaindasitiri "London Crystal Palace" ndiyo yekutanga chivakwa chenguva pfupi chine kukosha kwetrans-epoch.Iyo hombe-yenguva pfupi pavilion paWorld Expo inoumbwa zvachose nesimbi nemagirazi.Zvakatora isingasviki 9 months kuti ipere.Mushure mekupedzisira, yakaparadzaniswa ndokuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo, uye kuunganazve kwakabudirira.
Crystal Palace, UK (Kwakabva: Baidu)
Mugadziri wezvivakwa wekuJapan Noriaki Kurokawa's Takara Beautilion pavilion pa1970 World Expo muOsaka, Japan, maive nemasquare pods aigona kubviswa kana kutamiswa kubva pamuchinjikwa skeleton yesimbi, zvichiratidza nhanho huru yekuenda mberi mukuita kwechinguvana zvivakwa.
Takara Beautilion pavilion (Mabviro: Archdaily)
Nhasi, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinogona kuvakwa zvinokurumidza kuita basa rakakosha muzvinhu zvese kubva kudzimba dzekumisikidza kwenguva pfupi kusvika panhanho yenguva pfupi, kubva kunzvimbo yekuyamura emergency, nzvimbo dzemimhanzi kusvika kunzvimbo dzekuratidzira.
01 Kana njodzi yarova, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi inzvimbo dzemuviri nemweya
Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakakomba hadzina kufanoziva, uye vanhu vanototamiswa nadzo.Pamberi penjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye dzakagadzirwa nevanhu, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi hazvisi nyore se "uchenjeri hwepakarepo", kubva kwatinogona kuona huchenjeri hwekugadzirira zuva rekunaya kwemvura uye mutoro wemagariro uye kutarisirwa kwevanhu kumashure kwekugadzira.
Pakutanga kwebasa rake, mugadziri weJapan Shigeru Ban akatarisa pakudzidza kwezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi, achishandisa mapepa machubhu kugadzira matumba enguva pfupi ayo ari maviri ane hushamwari uye akasimba.Kubva kuma1990, zvivakwa zvake zvemapepa zvinogona kuonekwa mushure mehondo yevagari vomuRwanda muAfrica, kudengenyeka kwepasi kwekobe muJapan, kudengenyeka kweWenchuan muChina, kudengenyeka kweHaiti, tsunami kuchamhembe kweJapan nedzimwe njodzi.Pamusoro pedzimba dzepashure penjodzi, akatovaka zvikoro nemachechi nemapepa, kuti vavake nzvimbo yekugara yemweya kune vakawirwa nenjodzi.Muna 2014, Ban akahwina Pritzker Prize for Architecture.
Imba yenguva pfupi mushure meNjodzi muSri Lanka (Kwakabva: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Chivakwa chenguva pfupi chechikoro cheChengdu Hualin Primary School (Mabviro: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
New Zealand Paper Church (Kwakabva: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Panyaya yeCOVID-19, Ban akaunzawo dhizaini yakanaka.Nzvimbo yekuvharirwa inogona kuvakwa nekubatanidza mapepa nemachubhu emapepa ayo anogona kupatsanura hutachiona, uye nemhando dzemutengo wakaderera, nyore kudzokorodza uye nyore kugadzira.Chigadzirwa chacho chakashandiswa senzvimbo yekudzivirira yenguva pfupi, kuvharirwa uye pekugara mushikawa, Nara nedzimwe nzvimbo muJapan.
(Kwakabva: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwake mumachubhu emapepa, Ban anowanzo shandisa midziyo yakagadzirirwa kuvaka zvivakwa.Akashandisa midziyo yakati wandei kuvaka imba yenguva pfupi yemhuri 188 yevakawirwa neJapan, kuyedza mukuvaka kwemidziyo mikuru.Makoni anoiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nema cranes uye akabatana ne twistlocks.
Zvichienderana neaya matanho eindasitiri, dzimba dzenguva pfupi dzinogona kuvakwa nekukurumidza munguva pfupi uye kuita zvakanaka seismic kuita.
(Kwakabva: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kune zvakare akawanda akaedza nevagadziri veChinese kuvaka zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi mushure menjodzi.
Mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika "5.12", mugadziri Zhu Jingxiang mutemberi yakaparara yeSichuan primary site yekuvaka chikoro chepuraimari, chikoro chitsva chinofukidza nzvimbo ye450 square metres, temberi yevagari vemo, uye vanopfuura makumi matatu vanozvipira vakavaka, imba huru yekuvaka. chimiro chemuviri SHANDISA simbi yakareruka keel, inoumbwa pepa kuzadza hamvuropu uye ine mhedzisiro yekusimbisa iyo yakazara chimiro, Inogona kumira gumi nekudengenyeka kwenyika.Insulation uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza kupisa zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nekuvakwa kwe-multi-storey uye kuiswa kwakakodzera kwemagonhi neWindows kuitira kuti chivakwa chacho chinodziya muchando uye chinotonhorera muzhizha uye chine chiedza chakawanda chechisikigo.Nguva pfupi mushure mekushandiswa kwechikoro, njanji yechitima inoda kubviswa.Kufamba kwekutanga dhizaini kunovimbisa kuti chikoro chinogona kuvakwazve munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasina tsvina.
((Kwakabva:Archdaily)
Architect Yingjun Xie akagadzira iyo "Cooperation House", iyo inoshandisa zvese zviripo sezvivakwa zvekuvaka, zvakaita semapazi, matombo, zvidyarwa, ivhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemuno, uye inoronga vagari venzvimbo kuti vatore chikamu mukugadzira nekuvaka, vachitarisira kuzadzisa zvinoenderana. kubatana kwechimiro, zvinhu, nzvimbo, aesthetics uye yakagadzikana yekuvaka pfungwa.Rudzi urwu rwechivakwa chenguva pfupi "kamuri yekushandira pamwe" rwakaita basa guru mukuvakwa kwechimbichimbi mushure mekudengenyeka kwepasi.
(Kwakabva: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi, simba idzva rezvivakwa zvinogara zviripo
Nekukurumidza kusimukira kwekuchinja kwemaindasitiri, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano uye kusvika kwakazara kwezera reruzivo, mabheji ezvivakwa zvakakura uye zvinodhura zvechigarire zvakavakwa munguva pfupi, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemarara ekuvaka ayo asingagoni kudzokororwa.Kuraswa kukuru kwezviwanikwa kwaita kuti vanhu nhasi vabvunze nezve "permanence" yezvivakwa.Mugadziri wechiJapan Toyo Ito akambotaura kuti zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvisingachinji uye chiitiko chiriporipocho.
Panguva ino, zvakanakira zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinoratidzwa.Mushure mekunge zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvapedza basa razvo, hazvizokonzerese kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye budiriro yemadhorobha.
Muna 2000, Shigeru Ban uye mugadziri weGerman Frei Otto akagadzira pepa tube arched dome yeJapan Pavilion paWorld Expo muHannover, Germany, iyo yakakwezva kutarisisa kwepasirese.Nekuda kwechimiro chenguva pfupi cheExpo pavilion, iyo yekuJapan pavilion ichaputswa mushure memwedzi mishanu yekuratidzira nguva, uye mugadziri akafunga nezve nyaya yekudzokorodza zvinhu pakutanga kwedhizaini.
Nokudaro, muviri mukuru wechivako wakagadzirwa nepepa tube, firimu remapepa uye zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinoderedza kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvinofambisa kudzokorora.
Japan Pavilion paWorld Expo muHannover, Germany (Kwakabva: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Mukuita kuronga purojekiti yehofisi yenguva pfupi yehofisi yeXiongan New Area, nzvimbo itsva yehurumende, mugadziri Cui Kai akashandisa tekinoroji yemidziyo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvaka "nekukurumidza" uye "kwenguva pfupi".Inogona kuchinjika kune dzakasiyana nzvimbo uye ichangoburwa yekushandiswa nzvimbo zvinodiwa.Kana pane zvimwe zvinodiwa mune ramangwana, zvinogonawo kugadziriswa kuti zvienderane nenzvimbo dzakasiyana.Kana chivako ichi chapedza basa rayo razvino rinoshanda, chinogona kungopatsanurwa uye kudzokororwa, kubatanidzwazve kune imwe nzvimbo uye kushandiswa zvakare.
Xiogan New Area Enterprise Yenguva Yehofisi Project (mabviro: Chikoro cheArchitecture, Tianjin University)
Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21, nekuburitswa kwe "Agenda 21 yeOlympic Movement: Sports for Sustainable Development", Mitambo yeOlympic yakawedzera kuwirirana nepfungwa yekusimudzira kwakasimba, kunyanya Winter Olympics, iyo inoda. kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekutsikirira mumakomo..Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera kweMitambo, iyo yapfuura Nguva yeOlympics yakashandisa nhamba huru yezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi kugadzirisa dambudziko renzvimbo yemabasa ekubatsira.
Mu2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, Cypress Mountain yakavaka nhamba huru yematende enguva pfupi yakakomberedza chivakwa chepakutanga chechando chebasa remumunda;mu2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, kusvika ku90% yezvivako zvenguva pfupi zvakashandiswa munzvimbo dzeveneer uye freestyle;Mu2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, ingangoita makumi masere muzana emakumi masere emativi emamita enzvimbo yemukati muPhoenix Ski Park kuona kushanda kwechiitiko ichi chaive zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi.
MuBeijing Winter Olympics muna 2022, iyo Yunding Ski Park muChongli, Zhangjiakou yakaita makwikwi makumi maviri mumapoka maviri: freestyle skiing uye snowboarding.90% yezvinoda kuitwa zveNguva yeOlympics yaienderana nezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi, zvine 22,000 Square metres yenzvimbo yenguva pfupi, ingasvika padanho rediki-diki dhorobha.Izvi zvimiro zvenguva pfupi zvinoderedza chisingaperi tsoka pane saiti uye zvakare kuchengetedza nzvimbo yekuenderera ichishanda ski nzvimbo kuti ishanduke uye ichinje.
03 Kana zvivakwa zvakasununguka kubva kune zvipingaidzo, pachava nemikana yakawanda
Zvivako zvenguva pfupi zvine hupenyu hupfupi uye zvinomisa zvirambidzo zvishoma pane nzvimbo uye zvinhu, izvo zvinopa vanovaka nzvimbo yakawanda yekutamba uye kutsanangura patsva simba uye kusika kwezvivakwa.
Iyo Serpentine Gallery muLondon, England, pasina mubvunzo chimwe chezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinomiririra zvakanyanya pasi rose.kubvira 2000, iyo Serpentine Gallery yakaraira mugadziri kana boka revavaki kuvaka imba yechirimo yenguva pfupi gore rega rega.Maitiro ekuwana mamwe mikana muzvivakwa zvenguva pfupi ndiyo musoro weSerpentine Gallery yevagadziri.
Mugadziri wekutanga akakokwa neSerpentine Gallery muna 2000 aive Zaha Hadid.Pfungwa yekugadzira yaZaha yaive yekusiya chimiro chetende chepakutanga uye kutsanangura zvakare zvinoreva uye basa retende.Murongi weSerpentine Gallery anga achitsvaga uye achivavarira "kuchinja uye hunyanzvi" kwemakore mazhinji.
(Kwakabva: Archdaily)
Iyo 2015 Serpentine Gallery temporary pavilion yakapedzwa pamwe chete nevagadziri veSpanish José Selgas naLucía Cano.Mabasa avo anoshandisa mavara akashinga uye akafanana nemwana, achipwanya maitiro asina kujeka emakore apfuura uye achiunza zvinoshamisa zvakawanda kuvanhu.Achitora kurudziro kubva munzira yakazara vanhu muLondon, mugadziri wezvivakwa akagadzira pavilion sehonye huru, uko vanhu vanogona kunzwa mufaro wehudiki pavanenge vachifamba nepakati peiyo translucent yepurasitiki firimu chimiro.
(Kwakabva: Archdaily)
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinewo kukosha kwakakosha.Munguva yemutambo we "Burning Man" muUnited States muna Nyamavhuvhu 2018, mugadziri Arthur Mamou-Mani akagadzira temberi inonzi "Galaxia", iyo ine matanda makumi maviri ematanda muchimiro chakatenderera, senge denga rakakura.Mushure mechiitiko ichi, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvichaputswa, kungofanana nejecha pendi ye mandala muTibetan Buddhism, ichiyeuchidza vanhu: koshesa nguva.
(Kwakabva: Archdaily)
Muna Gumiguru 2020, pakati pemaguta matatu eBeijing, Wuhan neXiamen, dzimba nhatu diki dzemapuranga dzakavakwa nekanguva.Iyi ndiyo nhepfenyuro yeCCTV's "Reader".Munguva yemazuva matatu kutepfenyura uye mazuva maviri anotevera akazaruka, vanhu mazana matanhatu nemakumi manomwe nevaviri vanobva mumaguta matatu vakapinda munzvimbo yekuverenga zvinonzwika kuti vaverenge.Makabhini matatu akapupurira nguva yavakasimudza bhuku ndokuverenga zviri pamwoyo yavo, uye vakaona kurwadziwa kwavo, mufaro, ushingi uye tariro.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakatora isingasviki mwedzi miviri kubva pakugadzira, kuvaka, kushandiswa kusvika pakuputswa, kukosha kwevanhu kwakaunzwa nechivako chechinguvana chakadaro kunokodzera kunyatsotariswa nevagadziri.
(Kwakabva: CCTV's "Reader")
Sezvo waona zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi uko kudziya, radicalism uye avant-garde zvinogara, une kunzwisisa kutsva kwezvivakwa?
Kukosha kwechivako hakusi munguva yekuchengetedza kwayo, asi kuti inobatsira kana kukurudzira vanhu.Kubva mumaonero aya, izvo zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinoburitsa mweya usingaperi.
Pamwe mwana akadzivirirwa nechivakwa chenguva pfupi uye akadzungaira achitenderedza Serpentine Gallery anogona kuve anotevera Pritzker Prize anohwina.
Nguva yekutumira: 21-04-22